Buffer
The purpose of buffer systems is to keep a pH value stable over a longer period of time. Substances are constantly acting on the pH value. For example, respiration produces CO2, which is transported to the lungs via the blood in the form of carbonic acid. This acidifying effect must be balanced out by a buffer system, e.g. the carbonic acid/hydrogen carbonate buffer. The normal pH value in the blood is approximately 7.4. Blood pH values below 7.0 or above 7.8 are already incompatible with life.
Another example of buffers in the body is found in saliva. Horse saliva is produced during chewing. It contains larger amounts of buffering substances, such as sodium hydrogen carbonate (often called bicarbonate). This neutralises stomach acid and prevents excess acidity in the stomach.
See also: Acid, Base (alkali), pH value, Saliva
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