Glucose homeostasis

Glucose homeostasis refers to the maintenance of blood sugar levels in the body. Several processes in the body work together to keep the blood sugar concentration as constant as possible.

Specialised cells in the pancreas constantly measure blood sugar levels. If it is not within the target range, the pancreas increases the release of one of two hormones: insulin (lowers blood sugar levels) or glucagon (raises blood sugar levels). Together, they regulate blood sugar levels. The liver also plays a key role: it can convert excess glucose into the “storage sugar” glycogen or release glucose again by breaking down glycogen. Excess glucose can also be stored as fat in fat cells.